US President Barack Obama said the team comprised personnel from military, law enforcement and other agencies.
He said he hoped the kidnapping might galvanise the international community to take action against Boko Haram.
Earlier, it emerged that eight more girls had been abducted in north-eastern Nigeria by suspected militants.
The latest kidnapping happened on Sunday night in the village of Warabe in Borno state. The girls taken were aged between 12 and 15.
On Monday, Boko Haram leader Abubakar Shekau threatened to "sell" more than 230 girls seized from their school, also in Borno, on 14 April.
Growing international outrage led the US to offer the Nigerian government help and, on Tuesday, Mr Obama confirmed that the offer had been accepted.
"We have already sent in a team to Nigeria... a combination of military, law enforcement, and other agencies who are going in, trying to identify where in fact these girls might be," he said.
Mr Obama described the abduction as "heartbreaking" and "outrageous" and denounced Boko Haram as "one of the worst regional... terrorist organisations".
But he added: "This may be the event that helps to mobilise the entire international community to finally do something against this horrendous organisation that's perpetrated such a terrible crime."
US officials have said the first group of abducted girls, aged between 16 and 18, may have already been smuggled over Nigeria's porous borders into countries such as Chad and Cameroon.
However, officials in Chad and Cameroon say they do not believe the girls are in their countries.
US Secretary of State John Kerry said on Tuesday that Washington will set up a co-ordination cell at its embassy in Abuja with US military personnel, law enforcement officials and experts in hostage situations.
"[Nigerian] President Goodluck Jonathan was very happy to receive this offer and ready to move on it immediately," he told reporters, after talks with EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton.
Baroness Ashton said the girls' kidnapping was "devastating for all of us".
"These are the future of the country," she said.
"They are teachers, dancers, politicians. They are scientists, they are mothers, they are women in the making who have a right to play their full part in their society."
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